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High-gravity intensified iron-carbon micro-electrolysis for degradation of dinitrotoluene

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1595-1605 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2204-9

摘要： The application of iron–carbon (Fe–C) micro-electrolysis to wastewater treatment is limited by the passivation potential of the Fe–C packing. In order to address this problem, high-gravity intensified Fe–C micro-electrolysis was proposed in this study for degradation of dinitrotoluene wastewater in a rotating packed bed (RPB) using commercial Fe–C particles as the packing. The effects of reaction time, high-gravity factor, liquid flow rate and initial solution pH were investigated. The degradation intermediates were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the possible degradation pathways of nitro compounds by Fe–C micro-electrolysis in RPB were also proposed. It is found that under optimal conditions, the removal rate of nitro compounds reaches 68.4% at 100 min. The removal rate is maintained at approximately 68% after 4 cycles in RPB, but it is decreased substantially from 57.9% to 36.8% in a stirred tank reactor. This is because RPB can increase the specific surface area and the renewal of the liquid–solid interface, and as a result the degradation efficiency of Fe–C micro-electrolysis is improved and the active sites on the Fe–C surface can be regenerated for continuous use. In conclusion, high-gravity intensified Fe–C micro-electrolysis can weaken the passivation of Fe–C particles and extend their service life.

关键词： high-gravity technology     rotating packed bed     Fe–C micro-electrolysis     dinitrotoluene wastewater     active sites    

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and mechanism of nitrobenzene degradation by hydroxyl radicals-based ozonation process enhanced by highgravity technology

Weizhou Jiao, Shengjuan Shao, Peizhen Yang, Kechang Gao, Youzhi Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1197-1205 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1998-6

摘要： This study investigated the indirect oxidation of nitrobenzene (NB) by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in a rotating packed bed (RPB) using competitive kinetics method with -nitrochlorobenzene as a reference compound. The rate constants of NB with ·OH are calculated to be between (1.465±0.113) × 10 L/(mol·s) and (2.497±0.192) × 10 L/(mol·s). The experimental data are fitted by the modified Arrhenius equation, where the activation energy is 4877.74 J/mol, the order of NB concentration, rotation speed, and initial pH is 0.2425, 0.1400 and 0.0167, respectively. The ozonation process of NB could be enhanced by RPB, which is especially effective for highly concentrated NB-containing wastewater under alkaline conditions. The high gravity technology can accelerate ozone mass transfer and self-decomposition of ozone to produce more ·OH, resulting in an increase in the indirect oxidation rate of NB by ·OH and consequently effective degradation of NB in wastewater.

关键词： high gravity technology     hydroxyl radicals     nitrobenzene     reaction kinetics    

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超重力环境下非金属氮掺杂石墨烯泡沫催化还原反应性能研究 Article

王志勇, 赵志建, Jesse Baucom, 王丹, Liming Dai, 陈建峰

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第6期   页码 680-687 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.018

摘要：

本文以硝基苯还原和亚甲基蓝降解为模型反应体系，以非金属氮掺杂石墨烯泡沫（NGF）作为三维结构式催化材料，研究了超重力环境对催化反应性能的影响。在超重力旋转圆管反应器内6484 g (g = 9.81 m·s–2)的超重力环境下，非金属催化硝基苯还原的表观速率常数是传统搅拌反应器内的6 倍。通过计算流体力学理论模拟，揭示了超重力旋转管式反应器内超重力水平较高，湍流动能比传统反应器内有显著提高，液固相表面更新速度快，提高了催化反应效率。X射线光电子能谱和拉曼光谱测试表明该催化材料组成和结构在超重力环境下的反应过程中保持稳定。在另一个模型反应体系中，非金属氮掺杂石墨烯泡沫催化亚甲基蓝降解的速率也随着超重力水平的增加而增大。这些结果表明了超重力强化非金属碳基催化材料催化还原反应的潜力。

关键词： 超重力技术     过程强化     非金属催化     碳基纳米材料     催化还原    

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High-gravity-assisted emulsification for continuous preparation of waterborne polyurethane nanodispersionwith high solids content

Weihong Zhang, Dan Wang, Jie-Xin Wang, Yuan Pu, Jian-Feng Chen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1087-1099 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1895-z

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我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第12期   页码 84-89

摘要：

介绍了我国大坝建设的发展和特点，概括了高坝建设中的地质勘探、坝工技术、泄洪消能、坝基处理和髙边坡处理等方面的科技成果和应用水平，展望了我国高坝发展前景并指出今后高坝科技攻关重点。

关键词： 水力发电     高坝     重力坝     拱坝     碾压混凝土坝     面板堆石坝    

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量子地球物理深部探测技术及装备发展战略研究

林君 ,嵇艳鞠 ,赵静 ,佟训乾 ,易晓峰

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第4期   页码 156-166 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.04.017

摘要： Superconductor Science and Technology , 2021 , 34 3 : 1 ‒ 10 .">11]。The development of a High data rate atom interferometric gravimeterHIDRAG for gravity map matching navigationA high-sensitivity MEMS gravimeter with a large dynamic range [J].How grain boundaries limit supercurrents in high-temperature superconductors [J].Her major research fields include time-domain electromagnetic theory and detection technology.

关键词： 矿产资源     深部探测     量子高精度测量     超导量子电磁探测     超导重力探测     冷原子绝对重力探测    

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saccharification and fermentation of sweet potato powder for the production of ethanol under conditions of very highgravity

Yinxiu CAO, Hongchi TIAN, Kun YAO, Yingjin YUAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 318-324 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1026-3

摘要： Due to its merits of drought tolerance and high yield, sweet potatoes are widely considered as a potential alterative feedstock for bioethanol production. Very high gravity (VHG) technology is an effective strategy for improving the efficiency of ethanol fermentation from starch materials. However, this technology has rarely been applied to sweet potatoes because of the high viscosity of their liquid mash. To overcome this problem, cellulase was added to reduce the high viscosity, and the optimal dosage and treatment time were 8 U/g (sweet potato powder) and 1 h, respectively. After pretreatment by cellulase, the viscosity of the VHG sweet potato mash (containing 284.2 g/L of carbohydrates) was reduced by 81%. After liquefaction and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), the final ethanol concentration reached 15.5% (v/v), and the total sugar conversion and ethanol yields were 96.5% and 87.8%, respectively.

关键词： bioethanol     sweet potato     very high gravity     viscosity reduction     simultaneous saccharification and fermentation    

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高分辨率地球重力场模型DQM99

石磐,夏哲仁,孙中苗,李迎春

《中国工程科学》 1999年 第1卷 第3期   页码 51-55

摘要：

地球扰动位的球谐展开式表示是地球重力场模型应用最广泛的一种表示方法。目前通用的位系数模型的分辨率是0.5°，最高完全阶次为360。由于全球重力数据覆盖的密度和数据精度差别较大，所以已知的重力场模型的实际分辨率及其精度也因地区而异，故重力场模型的精化是一个漫长的过程，局部积分谱权综合法是改善已知重力场模型的有效而简便的方法。基于重力场模型OSU91A及EGM96，利用我国15′×15′及5′×5′重力异常，我们解算了更高阶次的地球重力场模型DQM99A、B、C、D四个模型，给出了精度比较分析结果。

关键词： 地球重力场模型DQM99     地球形状     地球位系数模型    

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卫星重力梯度数据用于精化地球重力场的研究

宁津生,罗志才,陈永奇

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第7期   页码 23-28

摘要：

确定厘米级大地水准面和发展超高阶地球重力场模型是现代物理大地测量的主要科学目标之一。卫星重力梯度测量的实现将为这一目标做出重大贡献。文章着重评述这一领域的研究进展，并讨论利用卫星重力梯度数据精化地球重力场的若干理论和方法问题。

关键词： 卫星重力梯度测量     卫星重力梯度边值问题     地球重力场模型     大地水准面    

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Stability analysis on Tingzikou gravity dam along deep-seated weak planes during earthquake

Weiping HE, Yunlong HE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 69-75 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0146-x

摘要： The stability of a gravity dam against sliding along deep-seated weak planes is a universal and important problem encountered in the construction of dams. There is no recommended method for stability analysis of the dam on deep-seated weak planes under earthquake condition in Chinese design codes. Taking Tingzikou dam as an example, the research in this paper is focused on searching a proper way to evaluate the seismic safety of the dam against sliding along deep-seated weak planes and the probable failure modes of dam on deep-seated weak planes during earthquake. It is concluded that there are two probable failure modes of the dam along the main weak geological planes in the foundation. In the first mode, the concrete tooth under the dam will be cut and then the dam together with part foundation will slide along the muddy layer; in the second mode, the dam together with part foundation will slide along the path consist of the weak rock layer under the tooth and the muddy layer downstream the tooth. While there is no geological structure planes to form the second slip surface, the intersection of the main and the second slip surface is 40 to 80 m downstream from dam toe, and the angle between the second slip surface and the horizontal plane probably be 25 to 45 degrees.

关键词： gravity dam     deep-seated weak planes     stability against sliding     earthquake    

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Emerging challenges to structural integrity technology for high-temperature applications

TU Shantung

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第4期   页码 375-387 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0066-y

摘要： Structural integrity technology has been widely used with great success for the design, manufacture and failure prevention of modern constructions such as chemical and petrochemical plants, power generation and energy conversion systems, as well as space and oceanic exploration. The modern needs of structural integrity technology are largely attributed to the increase of service temperature of the structures that results in the efficiency improvement in energy conversion and chemical processing technologies. Besides the needs arising from large-scale high-temperature plants, the high tech developments, such as micro chemo-mechanical systems and high-power electronics, provide new challenges to structural integrity technology. The present paper summarizes the recent technical progresses in large process plants and the aviation industry, micro chemo-mechanical systems, fuel cells, high-temperature electronics, and packaging and coating technologies. The state-of-the-art of structural integrity technology for high temperature applications is reviewed. Suggestions are provided for the improvement of current design and assessment methods.

关键词： manufacture     aviation industry     conversion     petrochemical     temperature    

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A comprehensive simulation approach for pollutant bio-transformation in the gravity sewer

Nan Zhao, Huu Hao Ngo, Yuyou Li, Xiaochang Wang, Lei Yang, Pengkang Jin, Guangxi Sun

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1144-1

摘要：

A comprehensive pollutant transformation model for sewer systems is established.

The model comprises fermentation, sulfate reduction and ammonification processes.

Biochemical reactions related to distinct carbon sources are depicted in the model.

Pollutant transformation is attributed to different biochemical reaction processes.

关键词： Gravity sewer     Modeling     Pollutant transformation     Biochemical reaction process    

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京沪高速铁路建设

沈志云,钱清泉

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第7期   页码 28-33

摘要：

文章针对京沪高速铁路建设问题，系统阐述了磁浮列车技术及高速轮轨技术，比较了两种方案的优缺点，提出了笔者自己的一些观点，希望对京沪高速铁路建设提供一些参考。

关键词： 京沪高速铁路     磁浮技术     高速轮轨技术    

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Evaluation of seismic reliability of gravity dam-reservoir-inhomogeneous foundation coupled system

Hamid Taghavi GANJI, Mohammad ALEMBAGHERI, Mohammad Houshmand KHANEGHAHI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 701-715 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0507-1

摘要： The seismic performance of gravity dam-reservoir-foundation coupled system is investigated utilizing probabilistic approach. In this research, the uncertainties associated with modeling parameters are incorporated in nonlinear response history simulations to realistically quantify their effects on the seismic performance of the system. The methodology is applied to Pine Flat gravity dam and the foundation is considered to be inhomogeneous assuming a constant spatial geometry but with various rock material properties. The sources of uncertainty are taken into account in the reliability analysis using Latin Hypercube Sampling procedure. The effects of the deconvolution process, number of samples, and foundation inhomogeneity are investigated.

关键词： gravity dams     dam-reservoir-foundation interaction     seismic reliability     inhomogeneous foundation     earthquake deconvolution    

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Hazard potential of zones of weakness in gravity dams under impact loading conditions

Herbert LINSBAUER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 90-97 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0008-3

摘要： Dam constructions worldwide are designed and constructed in view of the strictest safety aspects for all static and dynamic load cases. As experience shows, however, formation of cracks in the “homogeneos concrete” as well as unsatisfactory compound behavior of lift joints are not to be excluded. These zones of weakness especially on the upstream side of the dam— exposed to high water pressure (static and dynamic)— represent an increased risk of safety. The main investigation, apart from the computation of the dynamic effects on the dam as a global structure, focuses on the stability analysis of a pressure-water filled crack configuration subjected to “dynamic loading” in the form of seismic action on the dam-reservoir-system and alternatively by “impact spot-loading” within sectors of the reservoir. A fracture mechanics based analysis shows an excessive potential of damage for the afflicted structure.

关键词： dam-reservoir     earthquake     impact     cracking     fracture mechanics    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

High-gravity intensified iron-carbon micro-electrolysis for degradation of dinitrotoluene

期刊论文

and mechanism of nitrobenzene degradation by hydroxyl radicals-based ozonation process enhanced by highgravity technology

Weizhou Jiao, Shengjuan Shao, Peizhen Yang, Kechang Gao, Youzhi Liu

期刊论文

超重力环境下非金属氮掺杂石墨烯泡沫催化还原反应性能研究

王志勇, 赵志建, Jesse Baucom, 王丹, Liming Dai, 陈建峰

期刊论文

High-gravity-assisted emulsification for continuous preparation of waterborne polyurethane nanodispersionwith high solids content

Weihong Zhang, Dan Wang, Jie-Xin Wang, Yuan Pu, Jian-Feng Chen

期刊论文

我国高坝建设和科技攻关

陈宗梁

期刊论文

量子地球物理深部探测技术及装备发展战略研究

林君 ,嵇艳鞠 ,赵静 ,佟训乾 ,易晓峰

期刊论文

saccharification and fermentation of sweet potato powder for the production of ethanol under conditions of very highgravity

Yinxiu CAO, Hongchi TIAN, Kun YAO, Yingjin YUAN

期刊论文

高分辨率地球重力场模型DQM99

石磐,夏哲仁,孙中苗,李迎春

期刊论文

卫星重力梯度数据用于精化地球重力场的研究

宁津生,罗志才,陈永奇

期刊论文

Stability analysis on Tingzikou gravity dam along deep-seated weak planes during earthquake

Weiping HE, Yunlong HE

期刊论文

Emerging challenges to structural integrity technology for high-temperature applications

TU Shantung

期刊论文

A comprehensive simulation approach for pollutant bio-transformation in the gravity sewer

Nan Zhao, Huu Hao Ngo, Yuyou Li, Xiaochang Wang, Lei Yang, Pengkang Jin, Guangxi Sun

期刊论文

京沪高速铁路建设

沈志云,钱清泉

期刊论文

Evaluation of seismic reliability of gravity dam-reservoir-inhomogeneous foundation coupled system

Hamid Taghavi GANJI, Mohammad ALEMBAGHERI, Mohammad Houshmand KHANEGHAHI

期刊论文

Hazard potential of zones of weakness in gravity dams under impact loading conditions

Herbert LINSBAUER

期刊论文